A semen analysis is the cornerstone of male fertility assessment and the most important laboratory test used to evaluate a man’s reproductive potential.
The test examines both the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the semen, following the latest World Health Organization (WHO 2021) guidelines. It evaluates key parameters including semen volume, sperm concentration (count), motility (movement), and morphology (shape). A comprehensive semen analysis may also include additional specialized assessments, such as sperm viability and the presence of inflammatory cells (white blood cells), providing a more detailed evaluation of semen quality.
Sample Collection
The semen sample can be collected either:
- At our fertility centre, in a dedicated private collection room designed to ensure comfort, privacy, and discretion.
- At home, provided the sample is delivered to the laboratory within 30–45 minutes of collection and kept at a stable temperature of 20–25°C during transport.
Our team will provide clear instructions to ensure the sample is collected and handled correctly, helping to achieve the most reliable results.
Why Is a Semen Analysis Important?
A semen analysis provides valuable information about male reproductive health and is often the first step in investigating fertility. The results help guide further evaluation and, when necessary, assist in selecting the most appropriate treatment options.
While a normal semen analysis is reassuring, it does not guarantee natural conception, as successful pregnancy depends on multiple factors involving both partners.
What Should I Know Before Providing My Semen Sample?
To ensure the most accurate and reliable results, it is important to follow the instructions below before providing your semen sample.
A. Period of Abstinence
It is a common misconception that the longer a man abstains from ejaculation, the better the semen analysis will be. In fact, scientific evidence shows that this is not the case.
An abstinence period of 2–5 days before sample collection is considered ideal for semen analysis. Regular ejaculation has been shown to support the natural renewal of sperm quality, helping to maintain healthier sperm cells.
B. Medical History
Sperm production (spermatogenesis) is a continuous biological process that takes approximately three months. As a result, a semen analysis reflects a man’s overall health and lifestyle during the preceding months rather than just the days before the test.
Factors such as illness, fever, certain medications, or periods of significant physical or emotional stress may temporarily affect semen quality. If any of these have occurred recently, your doctor may recommend repeating the test after approximately three months, allowing a new cycle of sperm production to be completed.
For this reason, it is important to complete your medical history questionnaire as accurately and thoroughly as possible.
C. Complete Sample Collection
Not all portions of an ejaculate contain the same concentration of sperm or other important components. Consequently, the loss of any part of the sample during collection may influence the accuracy of the results, including sperm concentration and other semen characteristics.
It is therefore important to collect the entire ejaculate. If any portion of the sample is accidentally lost, please inform the andrology or laboratory staff, as this information is essential for the correct interpretation of your results.
What Does an Abnormal Semen Analysis Mean?
An abnormal semen analysis does not necessarily indicate infertility. In many cases, the findings are reversible and may simply require further investigation or follow-up. Small lifestyle changes can have a positive impact on sperm production (spermatogenesis) and may improve abnormal semen parameters, such as sperm concentration, motility, and morphology.
Should I Repeat My Semen Analysis?
Yes. A repeat semen analysis is often recommended to confirm the results, as sperm production (spermatogenesis) can be influenced by factors such as stress, infections, or recent illness. Repeating the test helps provide a more accurate and reliable picture of male fertility.
When Can I Repeat My Semen Analysis?
A repeat semen analysis is usually recommended after 2 – 3 months, which corresponds to one complete cycle of sperm production (spermatogenesis). Your doctor will determine the most appropriate timing based on your individual circumstances.
Does Varicocele Affect Sperm Quality?
Yes. Varicocele can affect sperm production and semen quality; however, this is not the case for every man. Assessment is based on a semen analysis and a clinical examination. Before undergoing varicocele surgery, sperm cryopreservation is recommended.
Can Medications Affect Male Fertility?
Yes. Certain commonly used medications may temporarily affect sperm production (spermatogenesis). Always inform your doctor or the laboratory about any medications you are taking.
Do Medications for Erectile Dysfunction Affect Sperm Quality?
No. Medications used to treat erectile dysfunction do not have a negative effect on sperm quality.